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Ford Motor has discontinued its ambitious FNV4 program—an advanced vehicle electrical architecture designed to rival Tesla's integrated systems—due to rising costs and repeated delays, according to sources familiar with the matter. Internally dubbed “fully-networked vehicle,” FNV4 aimed to streamline software across electric and gas-powered models, reduce costs, enhance quality, and introduce profitable, software-enabled features.
Despite the setback, Ford plans to integrate lessons learned from FNV4 into its current systems. The company’s California-based skunkworks team, led by former Apple and Tesla executive Doug Field, will continue developing connected car technologies and affordable EVs. CEO Jim Farley, who appointed Field in 2021, remains committed to creating unified software platforms across Ford's vehicle lineup, regardless of powertrain.
Ford’s challenges highlight the complexities legacy automakers face compared to EV-native companies like Tesla and Rivian. Traditional carmakers rely on numerous suppliers, each managing different parts of the vehicle's code, complicating over-the-air (OTA) updates and system integration. Farley previously admitted that Ford vehicles can include 150 modules with code from as many companies—hindering rapid innovation.
FNV4 was envisioned as a zonal architecture, where localized software controllers would communicate with a central computing hub, reducing wiring costs and enabling faster OTA updates. However, the initiative became a financial burden. Ford reported software and EV-related losses totaling $4.7 billion in 2023 and $5 billion in 2024.
The failed project marks a blow to Ford’s software push as competitors like General Motors and Stellantis accelerate their own digital vehicle strategies. Still, Ford says it's moving forward with its vision for software-defined vehicles, including ICE and hybrid models, with a renewed focus on speed and integrated digital systems to stay competitive.
