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Japan's services sector expanded for the 12th consecutive month in March, though growth momentum weakened as escalating Middle East conflict weighed heavily on business sentiment. The S&P Global Japan Services PMI dipped to 53.4 from February's 21-month peak of 53.8, still surpassing the preliminary estimate of 52.8. Any reading above 50 signals expansion, keeping Japan's service industry firmly in growth territory despite the slowdown.
New business activity increased at its most modest pace since December, while new export orders picked up slightly compared to the previous month. The mixed signals suggest that while domestic demand is softening, international interest in Japanese services remains relatively stable.
Business confidence took a significant hit, falling to its lowest point since September 2020. Companies expressed growing concern over how long the Middle East conflict might last and its potential ripple effects on global demand and inflation. S&P Global Economics Associate Director Annabel Fiddes noted that geopolitical uncertainty was the primary driver behind the decline in business optimism.
Cost pressures intensified during the month, with input prices climbing at their fastest rate in nearly a year. Companies linked the surge to higher expenses for raw materials, energy, and fuel — all directly influenced by ongoing instability in the Middle East. On a positive note, output charge inflation eased from February's near 12-year high, offering some relief to consumers.
Hiring slowed to a five-month low, as businesses struggled to fill positions due to candidate shortages and higher-than-usual voluntary departures. Japan's tight labor market continues to challenge service providers looking to scale their workforce.
Japan's broader Composite PMI, which reflects both manufacturing and services activity, slipped to 53.0 from a 33-month high of 53.9 in February, indicating that overall economic growth, while still solid, is losing some of its earlier momentum heading into the second quarter.
